临床语言学：最新研究进展
露易丝•卡明斯（英国诺丁汉特伦特大学/香港理工大学）文
李清华（南方医科大学）、安旭飞（西安交通大学）译
张慧丽（南方医科大学）审校
摘要：语言学理论在认识语言障碍方面一直发挥着重要作用。同时，语言障碍研究可以为语言学和其他学科的理论争论提供新的重要见解。本文旨在强调这两个领域之间的互相促进。我们要讨论临床语言学的四个方面，涉及语音、语法、语义和语用学的层面。优选论和关联理论分别应用于语音障碍和语用障碍的研究。威廉姆斯综合征等遗传性疾病的语言障碍，是语言学和发展心理学关于语言与认知之间关系争论的焦点。通过观察患有获得性神经障碍的成年人的语义障碍，研究者能够构建和检验多个语义记忆模型。我们将围绕这四个方面讨论临床语言学的理论意义。尽管这些话题未能涵盖临床语言学理论发展的方方面面，但也已经为读者们阐明理论探索是建设临床语言学学科所不可或缺的。
关键词：失语症；唐氏综合征；模块化；先天论；神经建构主义；优选论；语音障碍；音系学；语用学；关联理论；语义障碍；语义模型；语义学；句法学；威廉姆斯综合征
汉语失语症的神经语言学特点
刘晓加
（南方医科大学，广州，510515）
摘要：失语症是由于后天大脑病变或创伤损害语言相关的结构而导致的语言障碍，它可表现在听、说、读、写四个方面。主要分类为外侧裂周失语综合征、分水岭区失语综合征、皮层下失语综合征、完全性失语和命名性失语。失语症的诊断思路应依据上述各型失语的语言学特点。失语症与构音障碍、抑郁、认知障碍、精神障碍有密切关系，临床上应注意识别。
关键词：失语症；汉语；神经语言学
Neuro-linguistic Characteristics of Chinese Aphasia
LIU Xiaojia
(Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515)
Abstract:Aphasia is a language inability due to damages to specific brain regions caused by acquired brain lesions or trauma, and may present its symptoms in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Its main categories include lateral fissure aphasia syndrome, watershed aphasia syndrome, subcortical aphasia syndrome, global aphasia and anomic aphasia. The diagnosis of aphasia should be conducted according to the linguistic characteristics of the above-mentioned categories. Furthermore, aphasia is closely related to dysarthria, depression, cognitive impairment and mental disorder, so it is essential to differentiate aphasia from them in clinical evaluation.
Key word:aphasia; Chinese; neuro-linguistics
《临床语音学》述评
张慧丽
（南方医科大学，广州，510515）
Shriberg, L. D., Kent, R. D., McAllister T., Preston J. (2018).Clinical Phonetics(the 5thedition). Pearson Education Limited.
1.引言
临床语言学（Clinical Linguistics）作为一个学科，肇始于20世纪70年代。David Crystal于1981年出版专著Clinical Linguistics，成为这一独立学科产生的标志。1987年该领域的专业期刊Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics（CLP）创刊。随后，“国际临床语音学和语言学协会”（The International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association）于1991年成立，且每两年召开一届会议，CLP也成为该协会的官方期刊。
工作记忆与布洛卡氏失语症患者的句子理解研究述评
刘玉玲
(清华大学应用语言学系，北京，100084；沙巴大学知识与语言传播中心，沙巴，88400)
摘要：工作记忆容量受损会影响句子理解，因此，工作记忆是布洛卡氏失语症患者句子理解障碍的研究重点之一。本文梳理了工作记忆与布洛卡氏失语症患者句子理解的相关研究脉络，并做了简要评述。
关键词：工作记忆；布洛卡氏失语症；句子理解
A Review on Working Memory and Sentence Comprehension of Broca’s Aphasic
LAU Yoke Lian
(Department of Applied Linguistics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084)
(Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning，UMS, Sabah 88400)
Abstract:Previous studies revealed that the sentence comprehension of the patients with Broca’s aphasia was closely related to their working memory capacity variation. This paper reviews the research development of this issue and makes a brief comment.
KeyWords:Working memory; Broca’s Aphasia; Sentence comprehension
我国医患会话中医生问句选择特征及其人际意义表达
罗茜
（陆军军医大学，重庆，400038)
摘要：基于系统功能语言学的人际意义理论，研究我国医患会话中医生问句选择的特征，为医患会话研究提供实证支撑。随机记录医患会话真实语料，经转写、标注后，进行统计分析，运用系统功能语言学的人际意义理论进行阐释。在我国医患会话中，问句依然是医生信息交流、推进会话进程的主要手段，这和国外研究一致，而且中国医生在会话中的主导性更加明显，对患者的影响更大。是非问句是使用频数最高的问句类型，尤其在我国特有的中医科更加显著。是非问句和选择问句都能快速获得回应，但我国的医生很少使用选择问句，使会话显得冷漠、生硬。
关键词：问句；医患会话；人际意义
Construing Interpersonal Meaning through Doctors’ Choice of Interrogatives
LUO Xi
(Department of Foreign Languages，Army Medical University，Chongqing，400038)
Abstract:A systemic functional research on the interpersonal meaning realized in Chinese doctor-patient conversations from the perspective of doctors’ choice of interrogative was carried out.Data were randomly collected from conversations between doctors and outpatients in one hospital in China, andanalyzed in terms of the interpersonal meaning from the SFL perspective.Interrogatives are favored in doctor-patient conversations in China as compared with findings from other studies, but Chinese doctors dominate in the whole process of diagnosis and treatment, exerting great influence on the patient. Yes-no interrogatives are favored more by doctors practicing Traditional Chinese Medicine than by those in other clinic departments. Both yes-no interrogatives and alterative interrogatives can be quickly responded to, which is usually ignored by Chinese doctors, thus little attention has been paid to building harmonious interpersonal relationships.
Key words: interrogative clause; doctor-patient conversation; interpersonal meaning
当英语承载的医学走进汉语文化的中国
周红霞
（广西医科大学，南宁，530021）
摘要：在过去的两个世纪，由英语承载的西医体系逐渐在中国的医疗卫生服务体系占据了主导地位，西方医学替代中国传统医学成为我国的主流医学。但中国的西医学教育则主要是用汉语完成的。其中因语言转换而造成的中国医疗实践中出现的问题，不论在医学界还是在语言学界的关注都还不够。本文通过例子分析英汉语言转换给医疗实践带来的问题，提醒医学院校的英语教育应该深入研究医学领域存在的英汉语言转换问题，发挥自身英语语言优势，介入医学生通识教育，为中国医学生素质培养做出努力。同时倡议，国内医学杂志在发表中文医学文章时，应要求作者将源自西方的新概念、新名词加注英语源词汇，并使其制度化，以减少医疗实践中出现的理解偏误。
关键词：英语；汉语；医学；文化
English-dominated Contemporary Medicine in Chinese-dominated China
ZHOU Hongxia
（Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021）
Abstract:Contemporary medicine mostly written in English has been introduced into China within no more than 200 years. But it has replaced Chinese traditional medicine to dominate the medical health service system of the whole country. No surprise, the contemporary medicine was learned and practiced with Chinese language in China. From English to Chinese, the bias and fallacy of understanding through language transformation or translation are inevitable, and this fallacy or bias has jeopardized research and practice of medical science in China, especially the concepts or terms relevant to values, norm or social culture context. Unfortunately, linguistics and medicine professionals have shown little concern to the issues. This article aims at reminding English professors in Medical school to conduct research on this field and step in medical education in China bravely with general arts and humanity knowledge relevant to healthcare, and to play a key role in medical education with original English words of general philosophy, arts and so on. It is also augured that Chinese journal in medicine should make a regulation of requiring the original words after the Chinese words if they are translated terms by authors, so as to reduce the misunderstanding of contemporary medicine and help healthcare giver to practice better in the large population country.
Keyword:English; Chinese; Culture; Contemporary medicine
国内外医学专门用途英语测试述评
宾科，周燕
（南方医科大学，广州，510515）
摘要：许多国家和地区的医疗卫生行业都对申请执业人员的语言能力水平有一定要求。随着全球医疗卫生交流日益频繁，医学专门用途英语考试（EMP考试）越来越受到医学、医疗卫生、以及语言测试等领域的重视。本文介绍了主要英语国家以及中国大陆的医疗卫生专业人员英语语言测试实践情况，并对该领域的测试研究进行回顾和讨论。本文认为，EMP考试需要把英语语言能力和医疗卫生专业知识与技能结合起来，突出专门用途英语测试的真实性。澳大利亚的“职业英语考试”（OET）是很好的范例。
关键词：医疗卫生专业人员；医学专门用途英语考试；专门用途英语
A Review on Testing English for Medical Purposes at Home and Abroad
BIN Ke, ZHOU Yan
(Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515)
Abstract:Health-care and medical professionals seeking for practicing licenses are required to have specific language competence in many countries and regions. With the growth of global communication in health-care profession, increasing attention has been paid to testing English for Medical Purposes (EMP testing) in the fields of medicine, health-care, and language testing as well. This paper introduces practices of EMP testing for medical and health-care professionals in major English speaking countries and mainland China. Reviews of related literature show that tests of this kind should actively explore ways to integrate English language competence and professional knowledge and skills of medicine and health-care; and at the same time, they should remain authenticity of Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) tests. For these regards, the Occupational English Test (OET) in Australia is a good example.
Key words:medical and health-care professionals; EMP testing; ESP
“翻转课堂”在医学英语视听说教学中的意义和可行性
——基于福建医科大学教学实践
郭海燕
(福建医科大学，福州，350108)
摘要：视听说是医学英语教学中的重要一环，以教师中心、偏重输入的传统教学模式在很大程度上限制了学生学习的自主性，影响教学效果。本文基于福建医科大学医学英语课程教学实践，探讨“翻转课堂”理念在医学英语视听说模块教学中的意义与可行性。
关键词：翻转课堂；视听说；医学英语；可行性
Significance and Feasibility of “Flipping” Watching, Listening and Speaking in Medical English Teaching
GUO Haiyan
(Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108)
Abstract:Training skills of watching, listening and speaking is an important part of Medical English teaching, but the traditional teacher-centered, input-focused teaching mode greatly reduces students’ autonomy and teaching effectiveness. Based on the teaching practice of Medical English in Fujian Medical University, this paper aims to explore the significance and feasibility of applying the idea of “Flipped Classroom” to the teaching of watching, listening and speaking in Medical English.
Key Words:Flipped Classroom, watching, listening and speaking; Medical English; feasibility
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