“微会话”中的情绪识别¹

罗茜¹,冯正直²

（1陆军军医大学外语教研室，重庆，400038）

（2 陆军军医大学心理学院，重庆，400038）

摘要：在人际互动中，对行为时间短的“微会话”的情绪识别研究，是研究说话者情绪的重要途径。“微会话”中情绪识别的线索主要包括语音、句末语气词、语气、言语功能和局部语境等。“微会话”的认知神经机制、社会心理机制和在人际交往中的研究，不但能便捷地帮助语言障碍患者的言语康复，促进机构性会话顺利进行，减少沟通中负性情绪的蔓延和升级，还能提高人机交互的研究，具有广泛的研究和应用价值。

关键词：微会话；情绪识别；语气；语音

Emotion Recognition in Micro Conversations

LUO Xi¹ , FENG Zhengzhi²

(1 Department of Foreign Languages, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038)

(2 School of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038)

Abstract: In interpersonal interaction, the emotion recognition of Micro Conversations which are characterized by being short and emotionally inapparent is an effective approach to explore speakers’ real emotions. Though speakers do not obviously express their emotions, even sometimes purposely conceal or repress them, speech information especially sound and language information would leak out their real emotions. The clues of sound information are difficult to be studied because of intricate dimensions. In contrast, after conversations’ being recorded and transcribed, the speech study involving modal particle, mood, speech function and context, combing language information would be more reliable and scientific. Micro Conversation analysis is a new approach of analyzing conversations and emotions. With the research of cognitive neuroscience and social psychology, the purposes of analyzing a Micro Conversation are to fast help speech disorder patients’ speech rehabilitation, adjust speakers’ communicative strategies, and decrease the spreading of negative emotions and build good communication between humans and machine interaction, having a wide range of research and application value.

Key words: Micro Conversation; emotion recognition; mood; speech

临床语用学

露易丝•卡明斯 文

安丹丹、李清华 译

张慧丽 校

引言

近四十年来，临床医生和相关研究人员一直在尝试描写各种各样的语用交流障碍。语用障碍包括言语性障碍和非言语性障碍，例如不能理解非字面话语意义、不能使用相关话语进行对话交流、不能恰当使用手势等问题。语用障碍研究促进了临床语用学这一新兴学科的迅猛发展（Cummings，2013）。然而，也有人对临床语用学的飞速发展能否带来重大成效提出过质疑，本文不在此展开论述（请参考Cummings，2007，2009）。本文不对本领域的研究成就进行评价，而是对临床语用学的多样性研究加以概述，包括语用障碍的特征、评估、治疗等方面。对语用障碍的可靠描写需要临床医生能够精通语用学相关概念和理论，并能把这些概念和理论应用到临床病症中。准确识别语用障碍是进行语用评估和治疗的基础。临床语用学的多样性研究也包括理论构建。其理论一部分来源于语用学本身，一部分来源于与语用障碍相关的学科。如，心理学已经或多或少地成功应用在语用障碍研究中。尽管有的理论尚未得到充分应用，有的理论研究和应用（如心智理论，theory of mind，简称ToM）已经从根本上改变了我们看待语用障碍的方式。

过程隐喻：中医隐喻话语的本质

刘宇红

（南京师范大学，南京，210097）

摘要：隐喻的本质是实体间的比较，要么是外在的实体，要么是内在的实体。但是，对五行学说和中医隐喻话语的批评表明，基于实体比较的认知隐喻理论不适用于中医。本文从实体本位转向过程本位，提出与实体隐喻相对和互补的过程隐喻，能够兼容实体隐喻对中医实践的有限解释力，并克服了实体隐喻在解释中医理论基础时的诸多缺陷。五行的本义和语言类型学的相关发现支持中医的过程隐喻，证明了过程隐喻是中医隐喻话语的本质。

关键词：过程隐喻；中医；五行

Process Metaphor: Essence of Metaphor Theorization in Chinese Traditional Medicine

LIU Yuhong

（Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097）

Abstract: The essence of metaphor is a comparison between entities, either external objects or internalized ones. The lasting criticism of Five Activities and Chinese herbal medicine shows that the cognitive metaphor theory based on entity comparison is not reliable. A shift from entity ontology to process ontology and accordingly from entity metaphor to process metaphor can take over entity metaphor's incomplete interpretive power of Chinese traditional medicine practice and overcome theoretical defects of entity metaphor. Process metaphor conforms to the literal meaning of Five Activities and discoveries in linguistic typology, proving that process metaphor is the essence of Chinese herbal medicine theorization.

Key Words: process metaphor; Chinese herbal medicine; Five Activities 

汉语韵律感知神经机制研究综述

陆烁，罗琴芹

（中山大学，广州，510275）

摘要：汉语有独特的韵律特征，如具备声调系统、音节结构简单整齐、节奏模式属于“音节定时”型、语调功能弱负载等。汉语韵律的功能相对于其他语言较强。因此，对汉语韵律感知神经加工机制的研究尤有必要。目前相关研究以字词层面为主，集中于声调感知上，对于句子层面的韵律感知神经机制研究数量较少，对于节奏、轻重音等韵律要素的研究也非常缺失。另外，在漫长的汉语语言发展历史中，形成了众多特殊的韵律性句子，如常见俗语句、古诗文等，为研究汉语整句韵律感知乃至人类语言韵律的神经机制提供了宝贵的观测窗口。由于韵律对于语言加工的特殊效应，汉语韵律的神经机制探测还能对语言障碍的评估和康复实践提供支持。

关键词：汉语韵律；韵律感知；感知加工；神经机制

A Review on the Neural Mechanism of Chinese Prosody Perception

LU Shuo, LUO Qinqin

(Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275)

Abstract: Chinese language has rich prosodic features, represented by its tone system, “syllable timing” rhythm pattern, weak intonation function etc. Prosody in Chinese shows stronger influence on various linguistic aspects than those in other languages. Hence, it is worthy to study the neural mechanism of Chinese prosodic perception. The previous research has mainly focused on the tone perception at word level, but few has been done on rhythm or stress at the sentence level. In the long history of Chinese language, plenty of special rhythmic sentences have been composed, i.e. proverbs and ancient poetry, offering a unique window for the study of prosody. Because of the strong influence of prosody on language processing, findings of the neural mechanism of Chinese prosody could shed light on the practice of language disorder evaluation and rehabilitation.

Key words: Chinese prosody; prosody perception; perception processing; neural mechanism

医学话语研究新探：循证医学方法论

顾曰国

（北京外国语大学，北京，100089）

摘要：文章首先简要回顾和反思语言学界和医学界对医学话语研究的主流做法，包括信息论基础，焦点问题，叙事医学和元语言。然后介绍循证医学方法论。接着以中医四诊为例演示循证医学方法论用于中医文献研究的可行性。文章指出，传统的医患互动交流研究之不足在于重视对医患话语现象与结构的描写，轻视医患话语的知识质量及其验证。引进循证医学方法论，目的正是要提高医患话语分析的知识性含量。文章还讨论了医学和语言学融合的底层逻辑。

关键词：医患互动；叙事医学；循证医学方法论；医学知识评价

An Evidence-Based Approach to Medical Discourse Analysis

GU Yueguo

(Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 100089)

Abstract: The paper first makes a brief survey of main stream approaches to medical discourse, doctor-patient interaction and narrative medicine in particular. They are mainly motivated by theories of information and functional linguistics. Principles underlying evidence-based medicine (EBM) are urged to be adopted as an overall guiding framework for medical discourse studies. The EBM approach is demonstrated to work well in diagnostic discourse of traditional Chinese medicine. The major difference between the main stream and the EBM lies in the fact that the former is primarily descriptive, whereas the latter is testable and verifiable with clinical evidence.

Key words: evidence-based medicine approach, medical discourse, traditional Chinese medicine