翻译的认知—神经机制及其研究

卢植、孙娟

（广东外语外贸大学 广东广州 510420）

摘要：认知翻译学代表了翻译科学研究的新趋势和新方向，专注于探索译者的认知特点、翻译能力，尤其是译者的认知神经机制，开辟了“译者研究”的新思路和新领域，从微观层次上探讨译者的智力结构、语言能力和翻译质量之间的关系。作为新的研究方向的认知翻译研究，融合语言学、认知科学，尤其是神经科学的方法论和具体研究方法，具有显著的多学科和跨学科的特质，其研究成果丰富着翻译学的学科知识，促进和加深了人们对翻译过程及其本质的认识和理解，将对翻译学科的学科建构做出新的贡献。

关键词：认知翻译学；翻译过程；认知

Surveys of Cognitive Neurological Mechanisms for Translation

LU Zhi, SUN Juan

（Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510420）

Abstract:Cognitive Translatology represents the current tendency and directions of TranslationStudies. It focuses on the cognitive characteristics and translation competence of translators, especially the cognitive and neurological mechanisms of translators in processing two languages, which have initiated a fresh methodology and academic field for “translator studies” that explores the relationship between translator’s intelligence structure and/or linguistic competence and the translation quality. Standing for the new direction of Translation Studies, Cognitive Translatology is interdisciplinary in nature as an integration of research methods of linguistics, cognitive sciences and neurosciences. The research findings of Cognitive Translatology enrich and expand the scientific understanding and the academic knowledge of Translation Studies, and promote and deepen the insights and explorations of translation process in its essence as well, so that to make a new contribution to the disciplinary development and construction of Translation Studies.

Key Words:Cognitive Translatology；translation process； cognition

心理诊疗口译的特点及工作策略

——基于“存在主义心理咨询工作坊”口译语料的实证研究

詹成、彭科明

（广东外语外贸大学，广州，510420）

摘要：心理咨询和诊疗在我国已逐渐普及，而对心理诊疗活动口译的研究却仍较为缺乏。通过对“第三届存在主义心理学国际研讨会暨大学生心理健康教育大会”期间的“存在主义心理咨询工作坊”现场口译录音及视频语料的分析，可以发现鉴于心理诊疗口译活动的特点，译员面临来自语言、情境、非言语行为和人际关系等四个因素的问题，也因此需要在此类活动的前、中、后期采取合理工作策略来提高口译沟通效果。

关键词：心理诊疗；存在主义；口译；特点；策略

Features and Coping Tactics of Interpretation for Psychological Consultations: An Empirical Study Based

on Data from the “Existential Psychology Consultation Workshop”

Zhan Cheng, Peng Keming

(Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510420)

Abstract:Despite the gradual popularization of psychological consultation and treatment in China, research on interpreting for psychological consultation activities has been insufficient. Based on analysis of data from audio and video recordings of on-site interpretation at the Existential Psychology Consultation Workshop of the Third International Conference on Existential Psychology and International Forum on Psychological Education and Counseling for University Students, it can be found that the features of interpretation for psychological consultations pose certain linguistic, contextual, non-verbal and interpersonal problems to the interpreter. The interpreter therefore needs to adopt appropriate coping tactics before, during and after such activities.

Key words:psychological consultation; existentialism; interpretation; features; tactics

医学口译员在医患交流中的身份定位:原则、伦理、职责

蔡耿超、 阳光

（南方医科大学 广东广州）

摘要:医学口译员的身份定位及其原则、伦理和职责的界定颇值得探讨。结合前人研究及有关案例，本文提出医学口译员既是语言信息的转换者、传递者，也是医患交际的协助者、调和者，更是医学践行人文精神及人道使命的见证者、守护者和协调者;不仅承担着准确、完整地转换医学语言文化的职责，还应遵循医学尊重生命、促进健康的原则和伦理。

关键词:医学口译员;身份;原则;伦理

The Identity of Medical Interpreter in Encounter: Principle, Ethics andResponsibility

CAI Gengchao, YANG Guang

Abstract:The identity of medical interpreters and the definition of principles, ethics and responsibilities involved are important issues worth exploring. Based on previous research and related cases, this paper holds that medical interpreters play the roles of translating and passing language information, assisting and mediating in doctor patient communication, as well as witnessing, defending and coordinating the humanistic spirit and humanitarian mission of medical science; they are supposed not only to assure the responsibility of accurately and completely communicating medical language and culture, but also to follow the principle and ethics of respecting life and promoting health.

Key Words:medical interpreter; identity; principle; ethics

医疗服务翻译伦理研究

林妮

（南方医科大学南方医院惠侨科，广州，510515）

摘要：医疗服务翻译工作是关乎生命的交流实践，涉及医院、医生、患者和译者等不同的伦理主体。医疗服务的特殊性和重要性使得医疗服务翻译比其他类型的翻译面临着更高的伦理要求和更复杂的伦理关系网络，伦理原则必须在保证医学伦理的前提下实施，医疗服务翻译工作必须在医学伦理和翻译伦理的共同约束下进行，才能保证医疗翻译人员直接、有效的履行其作为翻译主体、解释主体和医院雇员这一多重身份的伦理职责。

关键词：医疗服务；翻译；翻译伦理

On the Ethics of Medical Service Translation

LIN Ni

Abstract:Medical service translation is the practice about life. Different subjects, including hospitals, doctors, patients and translators, co-work with each other in the sophisticated ethical network. Interpreters or translators, as the providers of medical translation service, play the role of the subject of translation, the subject of explanation and the employee of health care provider simultaneously. The work must be conducted under the control of both medical ethics and translation ethics with medical ethics as the requisition.

Key words:medical service；translation；translation ethics

百年英汉医学辞典史——从高氏本到陈氏本

李定钧

（复旦大学，上海，200433）

摘要：纵览百年英汉医学词典编纂史，从清末民初传教士们开创高氏本——《高氏医学辞汇》,到民国本汇聚另一个源头——《医学名词汇编》,再到陈氏本的前生今世——《英汉医学大词典》，足以领略到岁月的苍茫！词典往往落后于语言现实，言语中的词要发展到一定程度才会约定俗成，进入词典获得承认。外来术语，包括医学名词术语，先经翻译在译文或译界中使用，随后才进入译语规范词典中，确保医学研究及相关学术理论建设的严密与准确。

关键词：医学词典学；高氏医学辞汇；医学名词汇编；赵氏英汉医学辞典；陈氏英汉医学辞典

A Centennial Study of English-Chinese Medical Dictionary: From Cousland’s to Chen’s

Editions

LI Dingjun

(Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433)

Abstract:It is a centennial survey of English-Chinese medical dictionaries, from The Cousland’s English-Chinese Medical Lexicon created by missionaries during the period of Late Qing and Early Republic of China, and A Latin-English-German-Chinese Medical Terminology, another source to the convergence of medical terms during the Republic of China, to Chen’s edition, its source and sequel of The English-Chinese Medical Dictionary during the People’s Republic of China. Dictionary often lags behind linguistic reality. The arbitrary and conventional words in spoken language will develop to a certain extent, until officially admitted into the dictionary. Foreign terms, including medical terms, firstly translated or used in translation, enter into the dictionary in target language, to ensure medical research closely with accurate and relevant academic theory construction.

Key Words:medical lexicography; Cousland’s English-Chinese medical lexicon; a Latin-English-German-Chinese medical terminology; Chao’s new medical lexicon；Chen’s English-Chinese medical dictionaries